密码朋克宣言

Eric Hughes埃里克·休斯数学家 /《密码朋克宣言》作者

中文译本由 ETHFANS阿剑翻译，全都是空气经授权发表

A Cypherpunk's Manifesto

隐私权是一个社会在数字时代维持其开放性的必要条件。隐私权不等于守密权（secrecy）。隐私是你不想公开给全世界知道的事情，而秘密是你不想让任何别人知道的事情；换言之，隐私关乎的是选择性自我呈现的权力。

Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.

（信息被拿出来讨论是无可阻止的事。）如果两方达成了某种协议，那么每一方都会有他们自己对这场互动的印象，他们还可言说这种印象；谁能不让他们说话呢？有人说可以诉诸法律，但是，言论自由比隐私权更为根本，乃是开放社会的基石；我们都希望尽可能少去限制言论，甚至不要作任何限制。而且，如果多方在同一个论坛里讨论，每个人都可以向其他人自由发声，并汇集起对其他个体和立场的了解。电子通讯的力量已经让这样的群组讨论成为了现实，不可能仅仅因为我们的一厢情愿而消失了。

If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.

在这样的电子通讯时代，说我们要实现隐私权，等于是说要保证参与各方只拥有相关交易所必需的信息和了解。但是如上所言，任何信息都可能被人拿出来讨论，所以我们要保证的是尽可能少地公开信息。在大多数情况下，交易双方都不需要知晓对方的个人身份。比如我要在便利店里买份杂志并且使用现金付款，店员就不需要知道我是谁。还比如我要让电子邮件服务商帮我收发消息，我的服务商也不需要知道我在跟谁联络、我说了什么、别人又给我说了什么；他只需要知道如何获取消息，以及我欠他多少费用。但如果我的身份会被交易的底层机制公开，所有的隐私权也就烟消云散了：我不能选择性地公开我自己，我只能始终暴露我的全部。

Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I mustalwaysreveal myself.

因此，开放社会中的隐私权需要匿名的交易系统。直至此时，现金仍是首要的匿名系统。匿名交易系统并不是一个隐秘的交易系统，它只是让个人可以在且仅在有必要时公开自己的身份，这就是隐私权的本质。开放社会中的隐私权也呼唤密码学。我并不想让不相关的人知晓我的言论。但如果我的言论内容总是公开给全世界的，我也就没有了隐私权。加密本身即是表达对隐私权的渴望，而使用较弱的密码学只是表示对隐私权需求（暂时）不那么强烈而已。更进一步地说，在默认匿名的系统中可靠地证实某个人的身份，需要密码学签名技术。

Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.

我们不可能指望管制系统、公司或其它大型的立场暧昧的组织会给我们赏赐隐私权。掌控我们的信息是他们的利益所在，对此不必心存侥幸，要阻止他们的言论就是同信息的本质作斗争。信息不仅希望自由流动，它简直渴求自由，它要填满所有可用的存储空间，它比谣言更为年轻也更为强大，如百足之虫、如百眼巨人、遍及更多领域，却比谣言更少真知。

We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.

如果我们真的想要隐私权，就必须自己争取！我们必须联合起来，创造支持匿名交易的系统。几百年以来，人们一直在用耳语、幽暗、信封、密室、秘密手语和通信员来保护他们的隐私。这些过往的技术都无法实现健全的隐私权，但数字技术可以。

We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.

我们密码学朋克以开发匿名系统为使命。我们用密码学、匿名电邮系统、数字签名和电子货币来保护自己的隐私！

We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.

密码学朋克也会写代码。我们知道，有些人不得不编写软件来保护隐私权；因为非此不足以捍卫隐私权，所以我们要写代码。我们会公开我们的代码，让后来者试用和改进，而这些代码会公开给所有人自由使用。如果人们看不上眼，我们也不会纠结。因为我们知道，软件不可被摧毁，充分分散的系统也不可能被完全遏止。

Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can't get privacy unless we all do, we're going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don't much care if you don't approve of the software we write. We know that software can't be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can't be shut down.

密码学朋克谴责对加密技术的管制，因为加密技术是私密行动的必需。加密过程本身即是将信息从公共领域中隐身。即使法律站在我们对立那一边，它的作用也只限于一个国家的边界和暴力掌控范围之内。而密码学将浩浩荡荡地在整个宇宙中传播，连带着它支撑起来的匿名交易系统。

Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.

要让隐私权得到广泛传播，它必须是一套社会契约的一部分。人们必须联合起来，为公共利益部署这样的系统。隐私保护也会有边界，无法推广到通力合作的同胞团体之外。我们密码学朋克也关心你的问题和担忧，希望我们可以吸引到你，凝集力量。但是，无论你是否支持我们的目标，我们的信条都不会改变！

For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.

密码学朋克在行动！打造一个保护隐私的网络！志士仁人，同去同去！

The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.

上下而求索！

Onward.

埃里克·休斯

Eric Hughes1993 年 3 月 9 日