Introduction: The size of the oil and gas refining industry market was estimated at USD 1451.5 billion in 2022. Over the course of the forecast period (2023–2032), the industry is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.58%, from USD 1532.49 billion in 2023 to USD 2366.202 billion by 2032. The oil and gas refining industry plays a pivotal role in the global...